Gender Inequality And The Science Of A Science Based...

Introduction: America provides this allusion that there is always equal job opportunity for everyone. But there is a critical shortage of women in science-based careers, and it ties back to gender inequality and stereotypes. These women feel inferior to men because of a man-controlled field. Scientists are mainly men, with women left to fill the small percentage. The root of these problems are the stereotypes of women being inferior to men throughout history. Women are being left in the race to success in science. Many historically acclaimed women found many phenomenal scientific discoveries are washed away in history, never recognized for their work. This shortage is becoming an epidemic, these women who want to pursue science are†¦show more content†¦Claude Steele, an Emeritus Professor at Stanford, found that when women were reminded of the stereotype that men were better than women at any subject, the performance of women in assignments and tests measurably declined. Since the reducti on in performance came about because women were threatened by the stereotype, this is defined as stereotype threat. This psychological theory brings an understanding of why these women feel compelled to quit their scientific major in college or quit the job itself. The gender gap of women and men is mentally difficult, it causes an epidemic that idea men are better at certain objectives than women is true. This effect will need to be treated to have women want to go into science-based careers. Historical Implications and Benefits of Women in Science-Based Careers Women have been criticized for working in certain fields for decades. The earliest change and promotion of women in work, is the poster â€Å"We Can Do It!† by J. Howard Miller. This propagandist poster appeals to the women on the homefront to fill the labor jobs that the men left as they were recruited in World War II. As women were encouraged to take wartime jobs in defense industries, they became a celebrated symbol of female patriotism. The Artist J. Howard Miller create â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† to represent the women in the workforce, compared to the stereotypical â€Å"housewife†. Miller wished women to see this poster, and believe that they areShow MoreRelatedThe Dilemma Of Masculinity Versus Career Paths1702 Words   |  7 PagesSince the 20th century, there has been the dilemma of masculinity versus career paths. Women were expected to be teachers, nurses, etc., just because that s the role they had in society for decades before that. Men, and still are, expected to go into a career field that pays a lot of money so they can provide for their families. Those career fields are still usually STEM related. 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Argumentative Letter Free Essays

Jaclyn McGrew McGrew 1 English 1102 Robert Arnold 11-9-10 Mr. Plait and Mrs. Twomey, By what definition can we, as humans, go by that explains the phenomenal creatures called aliens? The most UFOistic meaning that you have described is â€Å"an extraterrestrial intelligent being, someone who lives on other planets out from Earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (DeVore 4) With this I can agree, until you begin to depict an alien as a green monster with two fingers, three eyes, and the motives to take over our world.You both explain in this article that there is absolutely no way anyone or anything can live in our universe. While I can respect your theories and opinions, I can’t help but feel like you may be thinking slightly unrealistic, and I’ll tell you why. You speak about Evolution and how we were created by the sun. How do we know that each galaxy doesn’t have it’s own Earth? I am highly familiar with that theory and I can understand where you may draw those conclusions from.However, I would like to bring up another theory for your consideration. Fact: There are over 125 million predicted galaxy in the Universe, and over 200 billion stars just in our galaxy. â€Å"Say Evolution is in fact how we got here; couldn’t it have happened several other times? † (Eastman 2) Maybe in different galaxies? For all we know, one ore maybe more of the 200 billion other stars is a planet with some kind of life form, but we are not yet technologically advanced enough to find it. McGrew 2 That brings me to my second point: Technology.You state that, â€Å"the phenomenon is only real if it can be measured or detected through a well-known and active technique, such as x-ray cameras and infrared telescopes. † (Plait 2) While these tools would definitely help the questioning of this phenomenon, our world does not have the technology to venture very far. I believe that if, in fact, there is another form of life out there, it is a huge possibility that they are hundreds or thousands of years older than us, therefore they re more technologically advanced. An interesting theory to consider is just that.If this â€Å"other life form† is truly that advanced, wouldn’t it be possible for them to see us, even if we can’t see them? As a curious human being, I truly believe we must carefully consider every possibility, even if we don’t necessarily have concrete evidence. Thirdly, you specifically quote that, â€Å" many people think that hundreds of videos or thousands of photographs are evidence enough to demonstrate scientifically a fact; it is not. † (Plait 1) This statement brings up a very good point, however it initially leads me to ask a few questions concerning the Bible.As a Christian, I grew up on God’s word and the beliefe that we were created by God and all of us derived from Adam and Eve. Is the Bible not, in fact, a prime example of a tangible rebuttal against that sentence alone? What I am trying to get at here is this: millions of people spend their whole lives reading and believing the Bible, but have never actually seen evidence that it speaks the truth. Believing in the Bible without meeting Jesus in person is the same as believing in aliens without experiencing an abduction.So why is it so easy for us to believe in God but not extraterrestrials? McGrew 3 So many humans immediately think of the word â€Å"alien. â⠂¬  I want to know why aliens are supposedly taking over all of the time. Where did that theory or idea derive from? This leads me to my final argument and my depiction to your statement, â€Å" yes, it seems that people prefer to be deceived instead of plugging theirbrains with factual information. † ( ) Well, isn’t the fact that there re so many other galaxies out there a form of factual information?To me, this statement proves my point that we humans really need to start being more realistic. I am constantly asking bundles of â€Å"what-if† questions, but by doing so I am only led to research everything more in depth. In conclusion, I would like to leave you with a few small examples of other theories to consider: What if God is real, but created other planets just like that of our own? What if Evolution is how we were created and it happened multiple times in other galaxies? What if there are ther planets like ours, and what we consider â€Å"aliens† are exactly like us just thousands of years ahead technologically, explain ing UFO citings and recorded abductions. What if, in fact, Earth is a project of another world that is so advanced and genius that we are unable to even mentally fathom it? While I do and always will enjoy debating this topic, I believe in God and the creation story, but I also believe that is extremely naive for us to think we are alone. Thank you, Jaclyn McGrew How to cite Argumentative Letter, Essays

Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Movement - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Movement. Answer: The paper talks about thescientific management theory and human relations movement in the organization. It explains that how scientificmanagement theory and human relations movement contribute to modernmanagement to run the business successfully. The scientificmanagement is a theory and strategy of management that evaluates and analyzes workflow within the organization. The main aim of the theory is to improve the worker's productivity and economic efficiency. Thus, it plays a significant role in modern management. The theory was developed by the F.W Taylor. Taylor believed and analyzed that it is one of the most appropriate theories for accomplishing the task and duties. The selection, motivation, development can be determined scientifically through this theory. The old rule of thumb methods was replaced by the scientific management theory. It maintains cooperation and coordination between employer and employee in order to attain the goals and objectives of the firm. It ensures that tasks will be carried out according to with scientific management process. It ensures that work should be divided equally among the employees to gain the better productivity and efficiency in the organization. It will also help to maintain a good relationship between employer and employee within the organization. F.W Taylor is known as the father of scientific management theory. The classical management theory is an important theory of scientific management theory. It advocates and focuses on the task and duties of the workers. The theory believes that employees are responsible to accomplish the various task within the organization. The scientific management theory is based on the four principles which have been discussed blow (Taylor et al, 2013). Science, not the rule of thumb: This principal said that employees should not use old techniques and methods at the workplace doing the work, instead of old techniques and methods. The employees should do an experiment to build and develop new techniques which make the task much quicker, simpler and easier (Carraher, 2015). Harmony, not discard: Taylor insisted that employer and employee must work together with a positive attitude and position towards each other with maintaining mutual coordination and cooperation at the workplace. The principle states that organization depends on the management and employees and they both must work with maintaining harmony during the work. They should avoid discord and conflicts among the employees (Marion and Gonzales, 2013). Cooperation, not individualism: This principle believes that all the activities and actions done by the different employees should be carried on with a spirit of mutual coordination and cooperation. Taylor has recommended that the supervisor and employees should mutually determine standards and policies in order to meet the goals and objectives of the firm (Netland, 2013). Development of each and every individual to his/her highest prosperity and efficiency: This principle suggested that training should give to each and every person in the organization to increase efficiency and prosperity of the organization. Further, human relations movement includes social and economic needs and requirements of the people. The theory is based on the employees satisfaction and productivity of the organization. Elton mayos has worked on this theory to analyze and evaluate the behavior of the people. The human relations and behavior play a vital role in every organization in order to determine the success and growth of the company. The two-way communication network is mandatory to maintain human relations effectively and efficiently. The theory believes that there are various factors which motivate and encourage employees to do work effectively and efficiently. Through human relations movement, workers work together as a team to accomplish the mission and vision of the company (Messersmith and Wales, 2013). The human relation movement also affects the employees behavior within the organization. After the various researchers, it has been noticed that human relations could enhance and increase the efficiency and productivity of the organization. The theory believes that workplace as a complicated network where a manager must manage and control on the employees by increasing participation of the workers and by maintaining an open communication within the organization. This perspective believes workers are social, responsible and self-motivated. The human relations movement is important to maintain sustainability in the organization (Knowles, Holton III, and Swanson, 2014). Now it is assumed that scientific management and human relation movement give remarkable contribution in modern management theory and practice. In todays era both have become the essential and important part of the organization. Further, modern management theory uses the systematic mathematical techniques and methods in the system with evaluating and analyzing the mutual relationship of employees and management in all aspect. The organization is achieving the long-term mission and vision in an effective and efficient manner with using of scientific management theory. In todays modern world, many companies use scientific management theory to increase and enhance the production and to reduce the cost of production in the market. It helps in making a decision in an effective manner. It provides various benefits to the customers and suppliers in the market (Crane, 2013). The employees are making effective human relations to accomplish the various long-term mission and vision of the firm. Through scientific management theory and human relations movement, the company is able to maximize utilization of resource and development within the organization. In this way, they give enormous contribution in the modern management theory and practice. A proper and appropriate working environment is developed by using scientific management theory and human relations movement. Investors and owners are benefited by this theory. It also reduces various conflicts and disputes of management as well as labor in the organization. In this way, they maintain a harmonious and cordial relationship with each other. The work is carried out in a systematic and effective manner according to decided plans and process. The managers provide regular instructions and guidance to the employees to increase the production of the firm. Through scientific management theory and human relations movement, the company can easily achieve targets and goals in lesser time (Osborne, Radnor and Nasi, 2013). It pr ovides various benefits to the country by increasing production and reducing the cost of production. It also increases the standard of living and morale of the employees. Cooperation and coordination amongst workers and managers increase and enhance democracy at the workplace. Further, human relations movement and scientific management theory help to reduce employees turnover with increasing efficiency and productivity in the firm. In this way, human relations movement plays a vital role in modern management theory (Mitchell, 2013). It is the part of the every organization. It will also help to beat the competitors in the market. The company can analyze and evaluate the strategies and plans of the competitors by maintaining good relations with the employees at the workplace. Various new and innovative technologies can be used by the company by using this theory in the organization. Further, modern management theory also focuses on the interpersonal relationship and motivation of the employees at the workplace. In this way, the scientific management theory and human relations movement manage and operate the complex organization in a better manner. The organization cannot survive its business for a long time without using scientific management theory (Saarijrvi, Kannan, and Kuusela, 2013). The human relations movement plays an integral role in every organization to ensure the maximum productivity of the employees. On the above discussion, it has been analyzed that scientific management theory and human relations movement play a significant role in modern management to manage and control the various crucial activities of the organization. Further, it is important to maintain harmonization and coordination among the employees during the employment. It encourages employees to do work effectively and efficiently. In this way, an organization can make a good position in the market. References Carraher, S., 2015. Signaling intelligence, signaling theory, Project A, and excellent management history research.Journal of Management History,21(2). Crane, A., 2013. Modern slavery as a management practice: Exploring the conditions and capabilities for human exploitation.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.49-69. Knowles, M.S., Holton III, E.F. and Swanson, R.A., 2014.The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Marion, R. and Gonzales, L.D., 2013.Leadership in education: Organizational theory for the practitioner. Waveland press. Messersmith, J.G. and Wales, W.J., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management.International Small Business Journal,31(2), pp.115-136. Mitchell, G., 2013. Selecting the best theory to implement planned change: Improving the workplace requires staff to be involved and innovations to be maintained. Gary Mitchell discusses the theories that can help achieve this.Nursing Management,20(1), pp.32-37. Netland, T., 2013. Exploring the phenomenon of company-specific production systems: one-best-way or own-best-way?.International Journal of Production Research,51(4), pp.1084-1097. Osborne, S.P., Radnor, Z. and Nasi, G., 2013. A new theory for public service management? Toward a (public) service-dominant approach.The American Review of Public Administration,43(2), pp.135-158. Saarijrvi, H., Kannan, P.K. and Kuusela, H., 2013. Value co-creation: theoretical approaches and practical implications.European Business Review,25(1), pp.6-19. Taylor, M.J., McNicholas, C., Nicolay, C., Darzi, A., Bell, D. and Reed, J.E., 2013. Systematic review of the application of the plandostudyact method to improve quality in healthcare.BMJ Qual Saf, pp.bmjqs-2013.